Oral cancer, also known as mouth cancer, can develop in various parts of the mouth, including the lips, tongue, cheeks, gums, and the roof or floor of the mouth. According to the American Cancer Society, early detection of oral cancer significantly improves the chances of successful treatment. Unfortunately, the initial signs are often subtle and easy to overlook, making awareness crucial for early intervention.
This article highlights key early symptoms of oral cancer, based on information from trusted medical sources, to help you recognize when it may be time to consult a healthcare provider.
1. Persistent Sores That Don’t Heal
A mouth sore that does not heal within two weeks is one of the most common early signs of oral cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute, these sores may occur on the lips, gums, or inner lining of the mouth. Initially, they might not cause pain, but they should not be ignored, especially if they persist without clear cause.
What to do: Any sore that lasts longer than two weeks without signs of healing should be evaluated by a dentist or doctor.

2. White or Red Patches Inside the Mouth
Color changes in the mouth’s soft tissues can be an indicator of abnormal cell growth. These include:
Leukoplakia: White patches that cannot be wiped away. According to Mayo Clinic, these may develop from chronic irritation and sometimes lead to cancer.
Erythroplakia: Red, velvety patches that may be more concerning. These areas are often more likely than leukoplakia to contain precancerous or cancerous cells.
Mixed lesions: Some areas may present as a combination of red and white patches.
What to do: If you notice discolored areas in your mouth, especially if they persist or spread, schedule a professional evaluation.