Human papillomavirus, better known as HPV, is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the world. In fact, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that nearly 80% of sexually active people will contract HPV at some point in their lives. Despite how widespread it is, many people remain unaware that they are infected because HPV often causes no obvious symptoms in its early stages.

This lack of awareness makes HPV both widespread and potentially dangerous, as certain strains can lead to serious health conditions, including genital warts, cervical cancer, and other types of cancer. Understanding the signs, risk factors, and potential complications of HPV can make a life‑changing difference.

Below, we’ll dive into everything you need to know about the warning signs of HPV, how the infection manifests in men and women, why early detection is crucial, and what steps you can take to protect yourself and your loved ones.HPV is a group of more than 150 related viruses, each labeled with a number known as a “type.” These viruses are transmitted through intimate skin‑to‑skin contact, usually during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. However, HPV doesn’t always require sexual intercourse to spread — even close genital contact can be enough.

Not all types of HPV are the same. Experts categorize them into two main groups:

Low‑risk HPV types: These are less likely to lead to cancer but can cause genital warts or mild abnormalities in cells.