Bird flu, or avian influenza, is a viral infection that primarily affects birds but can also infect humans and other animals. The virus has various strains, with H5N1 and H7N9 being the most dangerous to humans, often leading to severe illness. Outbreaks of bird flu have been reported worldwide, causing significant economic losses due to poultry culling and trade restrictions. Understanding the nature of bird flu and its potential to trigger pandemics is essential for global public health preparedness.

The virus spreads mainly through direct contact with infected birds or their secretions, including saliva, nasal fluids, and feces. It can also be transmitted via contaminated surfaces such as bird cages, clothing, or farm equipment. While human-to-human transmission is rare, close contact in specific settings can increase the risk. Migratory birds play a major role in spreading the virus across regions, making outbreaks difficult to contain. Implementing strict biosecurity measures in poultry farms and live bird markets is crucial in preventing its spread.